Weather conditions changed in Ukraine in the third ten-day period of September. After a long period of absence of rain, a new cyclone, the center of which located over Ukraine, in the last days of the month caused significant rainfall throughout the country. There was no significant precipitation only in the eastern regions, in the Luhansk region it was completely dry. In terms of temperature, the ten-day period was extremely warm until the end of September.
The average regional average ten-day air temperature in most regions turned out to be 3.6-4.8 °C, in the Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Transcarpathian, Lviv and Ternopil regions – by 1.8-3.5 °C above the norm and was 14,0-18.6 °C. The maximum air temperature increased to 27-30 °C.
For 1-3 days, in the western regions – 4-7 days, precipitation of varying amounts was observed almost throughout the country.
In the Donetsk and Kharkiv regions, the average regional amount of precipitation was 33-44% of the ten-day norm, in the Luhansk region there was no precipitation at all. In the Sumy and Chernihiv regions, the ten-day amount of precipitation was close and somewhat less than the norm (9-14 mm). In the Zaporozhzya, Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Volyn and Odessa regions, the amount of precipitation was 121-200%.
With the change in synoptic processes, the conditions for the sowing and development of winter crops have changed. Significant rains in the last days of September and early October ended the prolonged air-soil drought. The unsatisfactory soil moisture under the sown winter crops and the areas intended for their sowing remained only in the eastern regions, where the amount of precipitation was insufficient to end the drought. On significant areas of these regions (Kharkiv, Donetsk, Luhansk) the tilth-top soil remained completely dry, the conditions for the end of sowing and autumn vegetation of winter crops remained unfavorable, seedlings were formed with a delay and liquefied. At the same time, in many areas of the western, southern and central regions, where from September 24 to October 2 the amount of precipitation reached 50 130 mm (1-2.5 monthly norms), waterlogging of the upper soil layers was observed, which prevented the continuation of sowing winter crops and the collection of late crops.
Mass sowing of winter crops continued, grain germination and the formation of stairs were noted on the previously sown areas.
In winter rape seedling and the formation of leaf rosettes were noted, in some places sowing was still going on. The condition of the descended plants is mostly good. The massive corn harvest continued. The collection of sunflower seeds was completed during the ten-day period.