Сyclonic circulation of air masses prevailed over Ukraine during the first half of the ten-day period causing unstable weather, especially in the northern, southern and eastern regions, where thunderstorms, squalls, and sometimes heavy showers with hail were observed during the movement of the atmospheric front. The nature of precipitation was typical of summer – uneven local heavy rains prevailed.
In the second half of the first ten-day period and throughout the second ten-day period of July, as a result of the impact of a powerful anticyclone on the weather, almost dry and hot weather prevailed throughout the country with average daily temperatures 4-7 °C above normal. The maximum air temperature in the daytime rose to 33-37 °C and in some areas of the Zaporizhzya, Donetsk and Luhansk regions – up to 38-39 °C.
Precipitation of varying intensity, often in the form of showers with squalls, thunderstorms, hail, was observed periodically over two ten-day periods almost throughout the country.
As a whole, good and satisfactory agrometeorological conditions were still maintained for the formation of grain crops. In areas where heavy rains, downpours and hail occurred, conditions were assessed as unfavorable (crop lodging was noted, conditions were created for local “drainage” of early grain grains, intensive growth of weeds and the spread of fungal diseases).
Moisture supply of crops in most areas still remained at a satisfactory and sufficient level. In some areas of the western and northern regions, the reserves of productive moisture of a meter-long soil layer remained excessive for winter and early spring crops.
With the establishment of hot anticyclonic weather, the accumulation of effective heat accelerated, the indicators of which at the end of the second ten-day period already exceeded the norm. There was an intensive development of late crops, at the same time there was a rapid consumption of moisture from the soil.
In the southern regions, mass harvesting of winter grain crops continued, in the rest of the territory, the harvest began.